नियमितपणे या शब्दांची उजळणी करणे विसरू नका.

English grammar
नियमितपणे या शब्दांची उजळणी करणे विसरू नका.

(i) Grubby (Adj.): covered with dirt

मराठी भाषांतर: घाणेरडा, अव्यवस्थित, गबाळ, भेसळ असलेला

समानार्थी शब्द: Dirty, Unwashed, Filthy, Soiled, Squalid

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Clean, Spotless

वापर: The grubby face of a young boy.

अर्थ: तरूण मुलाचा गबाळ चेहरा.

(ii) Hoard (V): accumulate (money or valued objects) and hide or store away

मराठी भाषांतर: साठवणे, साचणे, वाढणे, वाढवणे, साठणे, संचय करणे

समानार्थी शब्द: Store, Accumulate, Amass, Heap up, Collect, Gather, Garner

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Scatter, Disperse

वापर: Everyone wants to hoard precious metals in their locker.

अर्थ: सर्व जण लॉकर मध्ये मौल्यवान धातू साठवून ठेवू इच्छितात.

(iii) Incarcerate (Adj.): imprison or confine

मराठी भाषांतर: बंदिस्त, तुरुंगात घालणे

समानार्थी शब्द: Imprison, jail, Lock up, Make Captive, Put into Detention, Detain

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Free, Give liberty

वापर: Many people are incarcerated for property offences.

अर्थ: अनेक लोक हे मालमत्ता गुन्ह्यामध्ये अडकलेले आहेत.

(iv) Mitigate (V.): make (something bad) less severe, serious, or painful

मराठी भाषांतर: कमी, वजा, खाली, हीन दर्जा

समानार्थी शब्द: Alleviate, Lessen, Attenuate, Allay, Assuage, Appease, Soothe, Soften

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Aggravate, Increase, Intensify

वापर: Drainage schemes have helped to mitigate this problem.

अर्थ: ड्रेनेज योजना ही समस्या कमी करण्यासाठी मदत करतात.

(v) Ostracize (V.): exclude from a society or group

मराठी भाषांतर: समाजातून बहिष्कृत केलेले, निर्वासित

समानार्थी शब्द: Exclude, Boycott, Exile, Expel, Debar, Leave out

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Welcome, Accept, Fraternize

वापर: She has declared a witch and ostracized by the villagers.

अर्थ: तिला गावकऱ्यांनी चेटकीण म्हणून घोषित करून समाजातून बहिष्कृत केले.

नियमितपणे या शब्दांची उजळणी करणे विसरू नका.

(i) Ostentatious (Adj.): characterized by the pretentious or showy display

मराठी भाषांतर: दिमाख दाखवण्याची हौस

समानार्थी शब्द: Showy, Conspicuous, Extravagant, Gaudy, Flashy

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Plain, Subdued

वापर: A simple design that is glamorous without being ostentatious.

अर्थ: दिमाख न दाखवता मोहक असलेली एक सोपी रचना.

(ii) Piquant (Adj): having a pleasantly sharp taste or appetizing flavour

मराठी भाषांतर: झणझणीत, झोंबणारा, तिखट तीक्ष्ण

समानार्थी शब्द: Pungent, Sharp, Tart, Zesty, Biting, Stinging, Flavoursome

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Gentle, Mild, Dull, Bland, Insipid

वापर: A piquant tart sauce.

अर्थ: एक झणझणीत तिखट सॉस.

(iii) Rugged (Adj.): having a broken, rocky, and uneven surface

मराठी भाषांतर: खडकाळ, दगडासारखा कठीण, डळमळीत, दयाळू

समानार्थी शब्द: Unrefined, Unpolished, Uncultured, Crude, Unsophisticated, Inelegant

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Smooth, Refined

वापर: A rugged coastline.

अर्थ: एक खडकाळ किनारपट्टी.

(iv) Splendid (Adj.): magnificent; very impressive

मराठी भाषांतर: भव्य, प्रचंड, भरीव, भरभक्कम, जाडजूड, शक्तिमान

समानार्थी शब्द: Magnificent, Super, Grand, Sumptuous, Resplendent, Elegant, Handsome

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Inferior, Ordinary, Undistinguished

वापर: A splendid view of Windsor Castle.

अर्थ: विंडसर कासल चे एक भव्य दृश्य.

(v) Abstruse (Adj.): difficult to understand

मराठी भाषांतर: गहन, क्लिष्ट, समजण्यास कठीण, दुर्बोध, गंभीर, खोल

समानार्थी शब्द: Hidden, Obscure, Occult, Intricate, Complex, Complicated, Recondite

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द: Open, Clear, Distinct

वापर: An abstruse philosophical inquiry.

अर्थ: एक गहन तात्विक चौकशी

11 Synonyms for Shy:

1. Bashful - लाजाळू/बुजरा

2. Timid - भित्रा

3. Sheepish - लाजणारा/नेभळट

4. Reserved - संकुचित वृत्तीचा

5. Reticent - मितभाषी

6. Introverted - अंतर्मुख व्यक्ती

7. Apprehensive - धास्तावलेला/काळजीत पडलेला

8. Reluctant - अनुत्सुक/नाखूष

9. Repressed - दमित/दडपून टाकणे

10. Self-conscious - भिडस्त

11. Coy - नम्र, लाजरी.                        
------------------------

How to use ' to and at '

*To and At.*

🔵To.

❌Don't say: We come at school every morning,

✔️Say: We come to school every morning.

🔵At.

❌Don't say: Someone is standing to the door.

✔️Say: Someone is standing at the door.

To and Till.

🔵To.

❌Don't say: We walked till the river and back.

✔️Say: We walked to the r

iver and back.

🔵Till.

❌Don't say: I'll stay here to next month.

✔️Say: I'll stay here till next month.

In and At.

🔵In.

❌Don't say: Liam has a flat at Paris.

✔️Say: Liam has a flat in Paris.

🔵At.

❌Don't say: My mother is staying in 66 Argyle Street.

✔️Say: My mother is staying at 66 Argyle Street.

In and Into.

🔵In.

❌Don't say: Gemma spent all the day into her room.

✔️Say: Gemma spent all the day in her room.

🔵Into.

❌Don't say: Richard came in the room and sat down.

✔️Say: Richard came into the room and sat down.

🔹Phrases With IT’S NO & THERE’S NO

🔰 It’s No Secret
= something is obvious; everyone knows it; everyone can see it.

👉🏼 It’s no secret that he’s in love with her. He constantly talks about how beautiful she is.

🔰  It’s No Surprise
= something is logical/expected

👉🏼 He was always playing sports as a child, so it’s no surprise that he’s now a professional athlete. 📷

🔰  It’s No Use / There’s No Point
= something will not work; will not have any result/success, so it’s not worth trying

👉🏼 It’s no use trying to make a call – there’s no signal in this area.

👉🏼 There’s no point wasting time worrying about things you can’t change.

🔰  It’s No Coincidence/Accident
= there is a connection between two things; they are not a result of random chance

👉🏼 It’s no coincidence that the poorest neighborhoods are also the most violent.

🔰  There’s No Denying/Question/Doubt
= something is clearly true

👉🏼 As annoying as I find that pop star, there’s no denying that she has a lot of influence.

MPSC English:
🍁Idioms

🍇sock away = to save money

🍇live from hand to mouth = to live with just enough money to survive

🍇live off the fat of the land = to life from the products of nature

🍇make hay while the sun is shining = earn money and save while you have the opportunity
🍇in the twinkling of an eye = instantly, immediately

🍇as free as a bird = completely free and without responsibilities

🍇get one's ducks in a row = to do all the necessary preparations in order to do something

🍇salt of the earth = simple, honest person without pretensions

🍇on the spur of the moment = deciding something without thinking about it

🍇by the seat of one's pants = improvising and learning as you go

🍇money to burn = money to waste

🍇the powers that be = phrase used to speak about those in power

🍇tag along = to follow or go with others

🍇throw in the towel = to quit

🍇jack-of-all-trades = person who does many different types of jobs

🍇not able to see the forest for the trees = become so focused on details that you lose knowledge of the more important things in life

🍇tilt at windmills = to work on things or dedicate oneself to impossible tasks

🍇get a new lease on life = to develop a new attitude towards life

🍇the prime of life = the best period of one's life

🍇throw something down the drain = to waste something
lose one's marbles = to go crazy

He's a smart man because he has ________ a lot of money for his retirement.
I'm sure you'l feel_______________ once you graduate from college.

Ever since I got the new job, I feel like I've gotten _____________.
You'll be surprised how quickly your child will grow up.

It sometimes seems that it happened ________.

My grandfather was a __________________.

He did everything!Too many people around the world have to ________________.
It's horrible!Of course, _______________ do nothing to help the truly needy.
Sometimes it seems like I'm ____________ by trying to start a new business.

Quiz Answers

socked away
as free as a birda
new lease on life
in the twinkling of an eye
jack-of-all-trades
live from hand to mouth
the powers that betilting at windmills
🍇🍇🍇🍇🍇🍇🍇🍇🍇🍇🍇

Prepositions for Addresses

AT - use AT for specific addresses
Ex. Harry Potter lives AT No. 4 Pivet Drive, Little Whinging, Surrey, England.

ON - use ON for streets and avenues
Ex. He lives on Pivet Drive.

IN - use IN for towns, counties, states, counties
Ex. He lives IN Little Whinging.
He lives IN Surrey.
He lives IN England.

And of course, we all know that he sleeps in the cupboard under the stairs. 😊

♻️ GERUNDS ♻️

🖌  A gerund functions as a noun and may be used as a subject, an object, or an object of preposition. Think of a gerund as a " noun activity." Gerunds have an -ing ending.

Gerund subject:        Fishing is a pleasant activity.

Gerund object:        My husband enjoys fishing.

Gerund object of a preposition:      The family is interested in fishing.

Gerunds can also be used as an indirect object, predicate nominative,  and appositive.

INDIRECT OBJECT: I will give biking a try.

PREDICATE NOMINATIVE: My new favorite sport is cycling.

APPOSITIVE : My new favorite sport,  cycling,  gives me a lot of pleasure.

NOTE: Always use the possessive form of a personal pronoun before a gerund. 

INCORRECT: The teacher is annoyed by them shouting.

CORRECT: The teacher is annoyed by their shouting.

NOTE: A gerund subject is often used instead of an infinitive construction.

To fly a kite is fun.
It is fun to fly a kite.
Flying a kite is fun. (Additional words can be added to the gerund to form a gerund phrase.)

🔎 Gerunds With Verbs

🖌 The following verbs are followed by a gerund.

Admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, finish, imagine, mention, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, recommend, regret, remember, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, tolerate, understand.

When gerunds are used as the subject of a sentence, they take the singular verb;

Standing in the water IS a bad idea.

But, when they are linked by AND, they take the plural form.

Swimming in the ocean and playing drums ARE my hobbies.

🔹Prepositions FOR and TO

Interchanging FOR and TO is a  very common grammar mistake. It is because these prepositions follow an indirect object. Here are the verbs that precede FOR and TO.

FOR - used after the verbs book, build, cook, buy, bake, boil, fry, fetch, find, get, keep, knit, leave, make, order, and reserve

I will keep these documents FOR you.

She baked this cake FOR her boyfriend.

TO - used after the verbs bring, give, hand, leave, pass, pay, promise, sell, send, show, sing, take, and tell

Engr. Smith showed the blueprints TO the contractor.

Please pass the message TO all the members.

🔹 Vegetable names:

1. Sweet potato (रताळे)

2. Spring onions (कांद्याची पात)

3. Yam (याम)

4. Fenugreek (मेथी)

5. Cucumber (काकडी)

6. Drumsticks (शेवग्याच्या शेंगा)

7. Pumpkin/Squash (लाल भोपळा/स्क्वॅश)

8. Mustard greens (हिरवी मोहरी)

9. Peppermint leaves (पेपरमिंटची पाने)

10. Bitter Gourd (कारले)

11. Bottle Gourd (दुधी भोपळा)

12. Colocasia roots (अळू)

13. Turnip (सलगम)

14. Broccoli (ब्रोकली/कोबीची एक जात)